{"id":617,"date":"2022-04-04T04:00:50","date_gmt":"2022-04-04T04:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hub.hslu.ch\/economiccrime\/2022\/04\/04\/lhumain-ingredient-essentiel-de-la-resilience-informatique\/"},"modified":"2026-02-11T14:53:29","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T13:53:29","slug":"lhumain-ingredient-essentiel-de-la-resilience-informatique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hub.hslu.ch\/economiccrime\/lhumain-ingredient-essentiel-de-la-resilience-informatique\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019humain: ingr\u00e9dient essentiel de la r\u00e9silience informatique*"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Von S\u00e9bastien Jaquier<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

Si l\u2019informatique fait partie int\u00e9grante de nos vies, c\u2019est sans aucun doute d\u00fb \u00e0 sa composante utilitariste. La technologie, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par des techniciens, vise \u00e0 produire ou soutenir des processus qui servent fondamentalement \u00e0 l\u2019humain. Seul le r\u00e9sultat compte, car la fonction premi\u00e8re du processus informatique rend service, ou produit un r\u00e9sultat. La ma\u00eetrise de la science informatique est ainsi garante de la production de processus fondamentalement adapt\u00e9s aux besoins de l\u2019utilisateur final qui n\u2019a pas \u00e0 en conna\u00eetre les m\u00e9andres, quelle que soit leur complexit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019informatique garante de notre s\u00e9curit\u00e9?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019\u00e9mergence des menaces informatiques en tant que sujet fondamental de pr\u00e9occupation de tout un chacun aurait pu \u00e9branler cet \u00e9difice. Il n\u2019en est rien car ces menaces ont ouvert un nouveau champ d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s commerciales constitu\u00e9 par le d\u00e9veloppement de solutions visant \u00e0 s\u00e9curiser les environnements informatiques: l\u2019informatique vient au secours de l\u2019informatique et ceci pour le plus grand bien de chacun. Mais le temps passe, les nouvelles applications informatiques s\u2019affutent et les probl\u00e8mes persistent. Cette science caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par le d\u00e9veloppement ininterrompu de nouveaux outils, transfigurant parfois son propre \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me, confirmant puis infirmant les conjectures de Moore (docteur en chimie et en physique, co-fondateur de INTEL) au fil des sauts technologiques, est par cons\u00e9quent en permanence mise au d\u00e9fi d\u2019assurer sa propre int\u00e9grit\u00e9 par celles et ceux qui la ma\u00eetrisent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 n\u2019est pas mod\u00e9lisable<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les probl\u00e8mes persistent, pis, ils gagnent en intensit\u00e9 et en impact dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui mise d\u00e9sormais sur l\u2019informatique dans le sens premier de sa d\u00e9finition pour l\u2019ensemble de ses processus. Comme le rel\u00e8ve Alain Lancry, dans l\u2019\u00e9quation Homme \u2013 T\u00e2che \u2013 Machine \u2013 Situation, la composante humaine est fr\u00e9quemment assimil\u00e9e \u00e0 la variable d\u2019ajustement. Cette interpr\u00e9tation est susceptible d\u2019expliquer le fait que le facteur humain soit souvent per\u00e7u comme la cause des dysfonctionnements informatiques, faisant de l\u2019utilisatrice ou de l\u2019utilisateur le talon d\u2019Achille de l\u2019informatique. Ou serait-ce le PFH ou \u00abputain de facteur humain\u00bb, comme le relevait Hubert Reeves lors d\u2019une interview radiophonique pour France Culture<\/a>, qui pousse les individus \u00e0 se comporter, en fonction des circonstances, de mani\u00e8re irrationnelle parce que cela les arrange? L\u2019auteur fait l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se qu\u2019il s\u2019agit tout simplement de l\u2019expression de la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 qui par d\u00e9finition pousse chacune et chacun \u00e0 envisager d\u2019autres chemins, \u00e0 sortir du processus pr\u00e9d\u00e9fini.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Clairvoyance et responsabilit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019humain peut-il, dans ce contexte, encore croire que la solution \u00e0 ses maux viendra de l\u2019informatique? L\u2019industrie est affirmative, tant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 informatique est devenue, depuis peu, un acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateur de ventes, et peut-\u00eatre aussi un moyen de s\u2019acheter une bonne conscience. Pourtant, les hackers tant d\u00e9cri\u00e9s indiquent la voie \u00e0 suivre. En mettant en permanence en question les limites des syst\u00e8mes et de leurs interactions avec l\u2019individu, ils d\u00e9montrent que l\u2019outil informatique, m\u00eame s\u2019il est, du point de vue de l\u2019utilisateur final, \u00e9pur\u00e9 et simplifi\u00e9, se doit d\u2019\u00eatre manipul\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re responsable et clairvoyante.
D\u00e8s lors, chacun doit assumer son r\u00f4le et endosser ses responsabilit\u00e9s dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en constante \u00e9volution, \u00e9volution soutenue par le num\u00e9rique, qui d\u00e9veloppe ses outils et offre toujours plus d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s de concevoir l\u2019inattendu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La convergence des efforts entre l\u2019industrie, l\u2019\u00e9tat et l\u2019individu est essentielle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il revient \u00e0 tous les acteurs de notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019endosser leurs responsabilit\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019information. Point\u00e9e du doigt de longue date, l\u2019industrie a mis en \u0153uvre des moyens qui sont \u00e0 sa port\u00e9e, d\u00e9veloppant ainsi de nouveaux produits int\u00e9grant d\u00e9sormais, en principe, la dimension s\u00e9curitaire.
Depuis peu, l\u2019Etat est mis au d\u00e9fi de se positionner sur l\u2019\u00e9chiquier s\u00e9curitaire. D\u2019aucuns voudraient qu\u2019il garantisse la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 num\u00e9rique individuelle. Ce sont peut-\u00eatre d\u2019ailleurs les m\u00eames qui font porter \u00e0 l\u2019utilisateur final le bonnet d\u2019\u00e2ne et qui s\u2019insurgent ou s\u2019insurgeront contre des autorit\u00e9s qui pourraient prendre (ou perdre) le contr\u00f4le de leur identit\u00e9 num\u00e9rique. Quel paradoxe!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vers un permis de surfer?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais au centre, il y a l\u2019humain, vous et moi, cet individu que l\u2019on d\u00e9peint \u00e0 l\u2019envi comme la cause de tous les tourments num\u00e9riques. Il est certain, comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment, qu\u2019il en est \u00e0 la fois \u00e0 l\u2019origine et la motivation. Ce n\u2019est qu\u2019en l\u2019impliquant sans arri\u00e8re-pens\u00e9e mercantile, en le responsabilisant et en lui donnant les informations et la formation lui permettant de comprendre et exploiter son environnement num\u00e9rique qu\u2019il sera possible de l\u2019impliquer en tant que maillon fort de la cha\u00eene de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019information.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t

\n\t\t

Autor: S\u00e9bastien Jaquier<\/h1>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\"\"\n\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tS\u00e9bastien Jaquier<\/a> ,Informaticien de gestion, \u00e9conomiste d\u2019entreprise ESCEA et titulaire d\u2019un MAS LCE est Doyen de l\u2019ILCE (Institut de lutte contre la criminalit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique de la Haute \u00e9cole de gestion Arc, HES-SO \/\/ Haute \u00e9cole de Suisse Occidentale, Switzerland). Il est \u00e9galement dirigeant d\u2019une PME et administrateur.\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

* Die meisten Blogbeitr\u00e4ge erscheinen in Deutsch. Ausnahmsweise erscheinen Beitr\u00e4ge auch in Englisch und Franz\u00f6sisch, den Sprachen, in denen Schweizer Expertinnen und Experten in der Bek\u00e4mpfung von Wirtschaftskriminalit\u00e4t h\u00e4ufig arbeiten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sources:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • JAQUIER S\u00c9BASTIEN, \u00abCybers\u00e9curit\u00e9, et si nous faisions fausse route\u00bb, in Criminalit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique et cybercriminalit\u00e9, M\u00e9langes en l\u2019honneur de la professeur Isabelle Augsburger-Bucheli, Helbing Lichtenhahn Verlag, 2021, pp. 217 – 230<\/li>
  • LANCRY ALAIN, L\u2019ergonomie, France 2016.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Face aux d\u00e9fis pos\u00e9s par la cybercriminalit\u00e9, l\u2019individu a souvent \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme la variable explicative \u00e0 la plupart des attaques. Il est n\u00e9cessaire de s\u2019affranchir de cette approche simpliste pour d\u00e9velopper une r\u00e9silience informatique int\u00e9grant efficacement tous les acteurs de notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":111,"featured_media":618,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[679,680,681,682,628,683,601],"class_list":["post-617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cybercrime","tag-confiance","tag-criminalite-economique","tag-cybercriminalite","tag-facteur-humain","tag-hacker","tag-resilience","tag-technologie"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019humain: ingr\u00e9dient essentiel de la r\u00e9silience informatique* - Economic Crime Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hub.hslu.ch\/economiccrime\/lhumain-ingredient-essentiel-de-la-resilience-informatique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019humain: ingr\u00e9dient essentiel de la r\u00e9silience informatique* - Economic Crime Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Face aux d\u00e9fis pos\u00e9s par la cybercriminalit\u00e9, l\u2019individu a souvent \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme la variable explicative \u00e0 la plupart des attaques. 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